The downloader handles all downloads and user verification with port 80 (http) and 443 (https). No Torrent techniques involved. I doubt your provider will find this suspicious. The only thing that could cause trouble is, that the Downloader opens several connections to speed up downloads, but you can easily configure it to only use one at a time.
Alternatively, you can always use the direct links and download the files via your browser.
There's no detailed documentation of Galaxy's protocols, yet. See
here.