The MacBook Air and MacBook Pro Update 2.0 from today solved the problem for me! My MacBook Pro retina with the 650m runs the "High spec" setting at 1440 x 900 now.
Before the update even the "Low spec" setting at 1280 x 800 was too slow.
So indeed no update for TW2 was needed, but one from Nvidia/Apple …
UPDATE: It DID work great, but after using my computer for a few hours I started TW2 and it was still unplayable slow. So I restarted and tried again: same result. The fabulous speed i had directly after the update was gone. :(
UPDATE 2: I reset the SMU and now it works again! tried it with mail, safari, calendar and iTunes open at the same time and it works.
To conclude: for me (15" MBP retina, OS X 10.8.2) the problem was solved by
1) installing the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro Update 2.0 as found by the App store app.
2)
resetting the SMU